An X-ray (radiograph) is a painless medical test that helps doctors diagnose and treat a variety of conditions. It works by passing a small amount of ionizing radiation through a specific part of the body to create internal images. X-rays are the oldest and most commonly used type of medical imaging.

The process captures images by sending radiation beams through the body and recording the radiation that passes through on the other side. Dense structures, like bones, block more radiation and appear white on the image, while softer tissues, such as organs, allow more radiation through and appear in shades of gray.

Most X-rays require little to no special preparation.